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        <title>Catechism Songs and Resources</title>
		<link>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/catechism-songs-and-resources</link>
        <comments>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/catechism-songs-and-resources#comments</comments>        
        <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jan 2025 04:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Erika Jones]]></dc:creator>        		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/catechism-songs-and-resources</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p><img class="center-align" src="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/screen-shot-2021-02-27-at-10-36-50-pm.png" alt="Screen Shot 2021-02-27 at 10.36.50 PM" width="477.75" data-attribute="75" /></p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Del Rey Church is excited to share free resources to encourage the church to memorize the New City Catechism. Our desire as a church is to encourage individuals and families to memorize the New City Catechism together as a part of discipleship.&nbsp; To learn more about catechism at DRC please see Pastor Matt's <a href="https://www.delreychurch.com/catechism-and-discipleship">blog post on the topic</a>.</p>
<p>The DRC community has created resources to help us to delight in doctrine and stay engaged in the process. We are especially grateful to Landon Pietrini for creating helpful songs that coorespond with the full version of the New City Catechism.</p>
<p>Catechism activity books were created for the children of Del Rey Church with permission from the Gospel Coalition who holds the copyright to the New City Catechism. Each week in Kid's Church we practice a song and complete activities to help memorize the full version of the catechism answer.&nbsp;These materials can be freely distributed and reproduced for the edification of the church. These materials are not to be sold or hosted on other websites.</p>
<p>You will surprise yourself by how much you can memorize! Some catechism answers may seem quite long but we have found these resources are very helpful in aiding memorization. It is so encouraging to see even our youngest children reciting the full version of the catechism.&nbsp;Discuss and share this process&nbsp;with others so you can learn more strategies for memorizing. Let others know what is the most helpful for you.&nbsp;For more information on the New City Catechism, to purchase their materials, or to use their app please visit&nbsp;<a href="http://newcitycatechism.com/">http://newcitycatechism.com/</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-schedule-2022.pdf">2022 Catechism Schedule</a></p>
<h4><strong>ACTIVITIES</strong></h4>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-primary-master.pdf">Primary Edition</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-elementary-master.pdf">Elementary Edition</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-pt1-junior.pdf">Junior Part 1&nbsp;<em>draft</em></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h4><strong>SONGS</strong></h4>
<p>1. <a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-1-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">What is our only hope in life and death?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p>2. <a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-2-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">What is God?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p>3. <a style="text-align: right;" href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-3-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">How many persons are there in God?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p>4.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-4-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">How and why did God create us?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p>5.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-5-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">What else did God create?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p>6.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-6-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">How can we glorify God?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p>7.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-7-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">What does the law of God require?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p>8.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-8-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">What is the law of God stated in the Ten Commandments?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/nc-catechism-9-landon-pietrini.m4a">9. What does the law of God require in the first, second and third commandments?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/nc-catechism-10-landon-pietrini.m4a">10. What does the law of God require in the fourth and fifth commandments?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/nc-catechism-11-pietrini.m4a">11. What does the law of God require in the sixth, seventh, and eighth commandments?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-12-pietrini.m4a">12. What does the law of God require in the ninth and tenth commandments?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-13-pietrini.m4a">13. Can any keep the law of God perfectly?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-14-pietrini.m4a">14. Did God create us unable to keep his law?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-15-pietrini.m4a">15. Since no one can keep the law what is its purpose?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-16-pietrini.m4a">16. What is sin?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-17.m4a">17. What is idolatry? </a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-18.m4a">18. Will God allow our idolatry and disobedience go unpunished? </a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-19.m4a">19. Is there anyway to be brought back into God's favor? </a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-20.m4a">20. Who is the Redeemer? </a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-21.m4a">21. What sort of Redeemer is needed to bring us back to God? </a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-22.m4a">22. Why must the Redeemer be truly human?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-23.m4a">23. Why must the Redeemer be truly God?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-24.m4a">24. Why was it necessary for Christ, the Redeemer, to die?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-25.m4a">25. Does Christ&rsquo;s death mean all our sins can be forgiven?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-26.m4a">26. What else does Christ&rsquo;s death redeem?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-27.m4a">27. Are all people, just as they were lost through Adam, saved through Christ?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-28.m4a">28. What happens after death to those not united to Christ by faith?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-29.m4a">29. How can we be saved?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-30.m4a">30. What is faith in Jesus Christ?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-31.m4a">31. What do we believe by true faith?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-32-1.m4a">32. What do justification and sanctification mean?</a></p>]]></description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="center-align" src="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/screen-shot-2021-02-27-at-10-36-50-pm.png" alt="Screen Shot 2021-02-27 at 10.36.50 PM" width="477.75" data-attribute="75" /></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Del Rey Church is excited to share free resources to encourage the church to memorize the New City Catechism. Our desire as a church is to encourage individuals and families to memorize the New City Catechism together as a part of discipleship.&nbsp; To learn more about catechism at DRC please see Pastor Matt's <a href="https://www.delreychurch.com/catechism-and-discipleship">blog post on the topic</a>.</p>
<p>The DRC community has created resources to help us to delight in doctrine and stay engaged in the process. We are especially grateful to Landon Pietrini for creating helpful songs that coorespond with the full version of the New City Catechism.</p>
<p>Catechism activity books were created for the children of Del Rey Church with permission from the Gospel Coalition who holds the copyright to the New City Catechism. Each week in Kid's Church we practice a song and complete activities to help memorize the full version of the catechism answer.&nbsp;These materials can be freely distributed and reproduced for the edification of the church. These materials are not to be sold or hosted on other websites.</p>
<p>You will surprise yourself by how much you can memorize! Some catechism answers may seem quite long but we have found these resources are very helpful in aiding memorization. It is so encouraging to see even our youngest children reciting the full version of the catechism.&nbsp;Discuss and share this process&nbsp;with others so you can learn more strategies for memorizing. Let others know what is the most helpful for you.&nbsp;For more information on the New City Catechism, to purchase their materials, or to use their app please visit&nbsp;<a href="http://newcitycatechism.com/">http://newcitycatechism.com/</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-schedule-2022.pdf">2022 Catechism Schedule</a></p>
<h4><strong>ACTIVITIES</strong></h4>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-primary-master.pdf">Primary Edition</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-elementary-master.pdf">Elementary Edition</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-pt1-junior.pdf">Junior Part 1&nbsp;<em>draft</em></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h4><strong>SONGS</strong></h4>
<p>1. <a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-1-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">What is our only hope in life and death?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p>2. <a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-2-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">What is God?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p>3. <a style="text-align: right;" href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-3-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">How many persons are there in God?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p>4.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-4-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">How and why did God create us?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p>5.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-5-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">What else did God create?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p>6.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-6-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">How can we glorify God?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p>7.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-7-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">What does the law of God require?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p>8.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/catechism-8-landon-pietrini-matt-thalin.mp3">What is the law of God stated in the Ten Commandments?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/nc-catechism-9-landon-pietrini.m4a">9. What does the law of God require in the first, second and third commandments?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/nc-catechism-10-landon-pietrini.m4a">10. What does the law of God require in the fourth and fifth commandments?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/nc-catechism-11-pietrini.m4a">11. What does the law of God require in the sixth, seventh, and eighth commandments?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-12-pietrini.m4a">12. What does the law of God require in the ninth and tenth commandments?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-13-pietrini.m4a">13. Can any keep the law of God perfectly?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-14-pietrini.m4a">14. Did God create us unable to keep his law?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-15-pietrini.m4a">15. Since no one can keep the law what is its purpose?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-16-pietrini.m4a">16. What is sin?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-17.m4a">17. What is idolatry? </a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-18.m4a">18. Will God allow our idolatry and disobedience go unpunished? </a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-19.m4a">19. Is there anyway to be brought back into God's favor? </a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-20.m4a">20. Who is the Redeemer? </a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-21.m4a">21. What sort of Redeemer is needed to bring us back to God? </a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-22.m4a">22. Why must the Redeemer be truly human?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-23.m4a">23. Why must the Redeemer be truly God?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-24.m4a">24. Why was it necessary for Christ, the Redeemer, to die?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-25.m4a">25. Does Christ&rsquo;s death mean all our sins can be forgiven?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-26.m4a">26. What else does Christ&rsquo;s death redeem?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-27.m4a">27. Are all people, just as they were lost through Adam, saved through Christ?</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-28.m4a">28. What happens after death to those not united to Christ by faith?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-29.m4a">29. How can we be saved?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-30.m4a">30. What is faith in Jesus Christ?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-31.m4a">31. What do we believe by true faith?&nbsp;</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/ncc-question-32-1.m4a">32. What do justification and sanctification mean?</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
    	<item>
        <title>Kids Church: Family Discipleship 2025</title>
		<link>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/kids-church:-family-discipleship-2025</link>
        <comments>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/kids-church:-family-discipleship-2025#comments</comments>        
        <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jan 2025 04:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Erika Jones]]></dc:creator>                <category><![CDATA[Catechism and Discipleship]]></category>
        		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/kids-church:-family-discipleship-2025</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Del Rey Families,&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Our desire is to encourage and support family discipleship through a study of the Scriptures and catechism. In Kids Church on Sunday morning, children&ndash;2yrs old to 5th graders&ndash;study a survey of the Bible. We use several gospel-centered story Bibles, a short video series and the Generations of Grace curriculum to follow a 3-year cycle through the historical narrative of scripture. We also use the&nbsp;</span><a href="http://newcitycatechism.com/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">New City Catechism</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">&nbsp;on Sunday mornings.&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">We want to encourage families to study through the Bible and the catechism together during the week.&nbsp; Our desire is to resource families to study the Bible at home so the Sunday gathering reflects and reinforces the discipleship that is already taking place in the home. This post will share the information you need to study the lessons and catechism during the week at home with your family. In the links below you will find the curriculum schedule for the year,&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/catechism"><span style="font-weight: 400;">catechism resources</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">&nbsp;and a summary of the Bible survey passages and lessons.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">We will study the beginning of the Old Testament in 2025 with lessons from Genesis to Numbers. If you want additional resources for your family discipleship, you could purchase other <a href="https://gracecurriculum.org/products/family-devotion-year-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Generations of Grace</a> materials, such as the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://gracecurriculum.org/products/family-devotion-year-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span style="font-weight: 400;">family devotional</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://gracecurriculum.org/products/family-devotion-year-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">&nbsp;for year 1</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is helpful to reach out to one another and share ideas for how you are using these materials for family discipleship.&nbsp; If you have questions or need support please reach out so we can collaborate. The links below will share the curriculum schedule for the year, links to&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/catechism"><span style="font-weight: 400;">catechism resources</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">&nbsp;and a summary of the Bible survey lessons for the year.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Soli Deo gloria, Erika @ delreychurch .com</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/year-1-curriculum-calendar-2025.pdf"><strong>2025 Lesson Schedule</strong></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Catechism Resources</strong></p>
<p><a href="/blog/post/catechism-songs-and-resources"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Songs and Activities</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Bible Survey Materials</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/genesis-parent-resources.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Genesis Lesson Overview</span></a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/exodus-parent-resources.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Exodus Lesson Overview</span></a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/leviticus-parent-resource.pdf">Leviticus Lesson Overview</a>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/numbers-parent-resource.pdf">Numbers Lesson Overview</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/deuteronomy-parent-resources.pdf">Deuteronomy Lesson Overview</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Hymnal Copywork&nbsp;</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/copywork-how-great-thou-art.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">How Great Thou Art</span></a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/copywork-be-thou-my-vision.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Be Thou My Vision</span></a></p>
<!--a=1--><!--a=1-->]]></description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Del Rey Families,&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Our desire is to encourage and support family discipleship through a study of the Scriptures and catechism. In Kids Church on Sunday morning, children&ndash;2yrs old to 5th graders&ndash;study a survey of the Bible. We use several gospel-centered story Bibles, a short video series and the Generations of Grace curriculum to follow a 3-year cycle through the historical narrative of scripture. We also use the&nbsp;</span><a href="http://newcitycatechism.com/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">New City Catechism</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">&nbsp;on Sunday mornings.&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">We want to encourage families to study through the Bible and the catechism together during the week.&nbsp; Our desire is to resource families to study the Bible at home so the Sunday gathering reflects and reinforces the discipleship that is already taking place in the home. This post will share the information you need to study the lessons and catechism during the week at home with your family. In the links below you will find the curriculum schedule for the year,&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/catechism"><span style="font-weight: 400;">catechism resources</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">&nbsp;and a summary of the Bible survey passages and lessons.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">We will study the beginning of the Old Testament in 2025 with lessons from Genesis to Numbers. If you want additional resources for your family discipleship, you could purchase other <a href="https://gracecurriculum.org/products/family-devotion-year-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Generations of Grace</a> materials, such as the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://gracecurriculum.org/products/family-devotion-year-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span style="font-weight: 400;">family devotional</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://gracecurriculum.org/products/family-devotion-year-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">&nbsp;for year 1</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is helpful to reach out to one another and share ideas for how you are using these materials for family discipleship.&nbsp; If you have questions or need support please reach out so we can collaborate. The links below will share the curriculum schedule for the year, links to&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/catechism"><span style="font-weight: 400;">catechism resources</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">&nbsp;and a summary of the Bible survey lessons for the year.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Soli Deo gloria, Erika @ delreychurch .com</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/year-1-curriculum-calendar-2025.pdf"><strong>2025 Lesson Schedule</strong></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Catechism Resources</strong></p>
<p><a href="/blog/post/catechism-songs-and-resources"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Songs and Activities</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Bible Survey Materials</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/genesis-parent-resources.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Genesis Lesson Overview</span></a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/exodus-parent-resources.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Exodus Lesson Overview</span></a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/leviticus-parent-resource.pdf">Leviticus Lesson Overview</a>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/numbers-parent-resource.pdf">Numbers Lesson Overview</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/deuteronomy-parent-resources.pdf">Deuteronomy Lesson Overview</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Hymnal Copywork&nbsp;</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/copywork-how-great-thou-art.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">How Great Thou Art</span></a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/copywork-be-thou-my-vision.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Be Thou My Vision</span></a></p>
<!--a=1--><!--a=1-->]]></content:encoded>
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        <title>Read Thru the Bible in 2025</title>
		<link>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/read-thru-the-bible-in-2025</link>
        <comments>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/read-thru-the-bible-in-2025#comments</comments>        
        <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 15:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
		        		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/read-thru-the-bible-in-2025</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>The New Year has begun! Let's read through the Bible together from cover-to-cover in 2025. Pastor Matt has made a unique reading schedule for the church. <a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/matt-bible-schedule.pdf">CLICK HERE</a> to get Pastor Matt's read through the Bible schedule.</p>]]></description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The New Year has begun! Let's read through the Bible together from cover-to-cover in 2025. Pastor Matt has made a unique reading schedule for the church. <a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/matt-bible-schedule.pdf">CLICK HERE</a> to get Pastor Matt's read through the Bible schedule.</p>]]></content:encoded>
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        <title>Jim Butcher&#039;s Celebration of Life</title>
		<link>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/jim-butchers-celebration-of-life</link>
        <comments>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/jim-butchers-celebration-of-life#comments</comments>        
        <pubDate>Thu, 12 Sep 2024 12:53:00 -0400</pubDate>
		        		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/jim-butchers-celebration-of-life</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Our beloved brother and church member Jim Butcher has passed away and we want to celebrate his life and ministry as a former elder, group leader, counselor, therapist, peace maker, and more in our congregation. Please RSVP (cy clicking the image below) so we can plan for food and the service. Meanwhile, please keep us in prayer as we mourn and prepare this service to give thanks to God and glorify His name.</p>
<p><a href="https://delreychurch.ccbchurch.com/goto/forms/138/responses/new" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/jim-rsvp.jpg" alt="Jim RSVP" width="874" data-attribute="50" /></a></p>]]></description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Our beloved brother and church member Jim Butcher has passed away and we want to celebrate his life and ministry as a former elder, group leader, counselor, therapist, peace maker, and more in our congregation. Please RSVP (cy clicking the image below) so we can plan for food and the service. Meanwhile, please keep us in prayer as we mourn and prepare this service to give thanks to God and glorify His name.</p>
<p><a href="https://delreychurch.ccbchurch.com/goto/forms/138/responses/new" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/jim-rsvp.jpg" alt="Jim RSVP" width="874" data-attribute="50" /></a></p>]]></content:encoded>
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        <title>Kids Church: Family Discipleship 2024</title>
		<link>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/kids-church:-family-discipleship-2024</link>
        <comments>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/kids-church:-family-discipleship-2024#comments</comments>        
        <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 2024 16:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Erika Jones]]></dc:creator>                <category><![CDATA[Catechism and Discipleship]]></category>
        		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/kids-church:-family-discipleship-2024</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>Del Rey Families,&nbsp;</p>
<p>Our desire is to encourage and support family discipleship through a study of the Scriptures and catechism. In Kids Church on Sunday morning, children 2yrs old-5th grade study a survey of the Bible, with Generations of Grace curriculum, which follows a 3-year cycle through the historical narrative of scripture. We also use the <a href="http://newcitycatechism.com/">New City Catechism</a> on Sunday mornings.&nbsp;</p>
<p>We want to encourage families to study through the Bible and the catechism together during the week so that the Sunday gathering reflects and reinforces the discipleship that is taking place in the home. This post will share the information you need to study the lessons and catechism during the week at home with your family.</p>
<p>We will study the New Testament in 2024 with lessons from Matthew's gospel, the book of Acts and Revelation.&nbsp;If you want additional resources for your family discipleship, use this link to purchase the&nbsp;<a href="https://gracecurriculum.org/collections/generations-of-grace/products/family-devotional-year-3">family devotional</a>&nbsp;or other materials for year 3.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p>It is helpful to reach out to one another and share ideas for how you are using these materials for family discipleship.&nbsp; If you have questions or need support please reach out so we can collaborate. The links below will share the curriculum schedule for the year, links to <a href="https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/catechism">catechism resources</a> and a summary of the Bible survey lessons for the year.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Soli Deo gloria, Erika @ delreychurch .com</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/year-3-curriculum-schedule-2024.pdf"><strong>2024 Lesson Schedule&nbsp;</strong></a></p>
<p><strong>Catechism Resources</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/catechism">Songs and Activities</a>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Bible Survey Materials</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/christ-pt-1-parent-resources.pdf">Gospels 1 Lesson Overview</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/christ-2-parent-resources-1.pdf">Gospel 2 Lesson Overview</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/3-acts-parent-resources.pdf">Acts Lesson Overview</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/revelation-parent-resource.pdf">Revelation Lesson Overview</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/king-is-born-parent-resources.pdf">Christmas Lesson Overview</a></p>
<p><strong>Hymnal Copywork&nbsp;</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/copywork-how-great-thou-art.pdf">How Great Thou Art</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/copywork-be-thou-my-vision.pdf">Be Thou My Vision</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>]]></description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Del Rey Families,&nbsp;</p>
<p>Our desire is to encourage and support family discipleship through a study of the Scriptures and catechism. In Kids Church on Sunday morning, children 2yrs old-5th grade study a survey of the Bible, with Generations of Grace curriculum, which follows a 3-year cycle through the historical narrative of scripture. We also use the <a href="http://newcitycatechism.com/">New City Catechism</a> on Sunday mornings.&nbsp;</p>
<p>We want to encourage families to study through the Bible and the catechism together during the week so that the Sunday gathering reflects and reinforces the discipleship that is taking place in the home. This post will share the information you need to study the lessons and catechism during the week at home with your family.</p>
<p>We will study the New Testament in 2024 with lessons from Matthew's gospel, the book of Acts and Revelation.&nbsp;If you want additional resources for your family discipleship, use this link to purchase the&nbsp;<a href="https://gracecurriculum.org/collections/generations-of-grace/products/family-devotional-year-3">family devotional</a>&nbsp;or other materials for year 3.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p>It is helpful to reach out to one another and share ideas for how you are using these materials for family discipleship.&nbsp; If you have questions or need support please reach out so we can collaborate. The links below will share the curriculum schedule for the year, links to <a href="https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/catechism">catechism resources</a> and a summary of the Bible survey lessons for the year.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Soli Deo gloria, Erika @ delreychurch .com</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/year-3-curriculum-schedule-2024.pdf"><strong>2024 Lesson Schedule&nbsp;</strong></a></p>
<p><strong>Catechism Resources</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/catechism">Songs and Activities</a>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Bible Survey Materials</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/christ-pt-1-parent-resources.pdf">Gospels 1 Lesson Overview</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/christ-2-parent-resources-1.pdf">Gospel 2 Lesson Overview</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/3-acts-parent-resources.pdf">Acts Lesson Overview</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/revelation-parent-resource.pdf">Revelation Lesson Overview</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/king-is-born-parent-resources.pdf">Christmas Lesson Overview</a></p>
<p><strong>Hymnal Copywork&nbsp;</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/copywork-how-great-thou-art.pdf">How Great Thou Art</a></p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/copywork-be-thou-my-vision.pdf">Be Thou My Vision</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>]]></content:encoded>
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        <title>A Short Read for Christmas Eve</title>
		<link>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/a-short-read-for-christmas</link>
        <comments>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/a-short-read-for-christmas#comments</comments>        
        <pubDate>Sat, 23 Dec 2023 17:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
		        		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/a-short-read-for-christmas</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>Man only is the product of natural generation; this which is born of the virgin is the holy thing, the Son of God. In other generations, a rational soul is only united to a material body: but in this, the Divine nature is united with the human in one person by an indissoluble union.</p>
<p><br />The Second act of power in the person redeeming, is the union of the two natures, the Divine and human. The designing indeed of this was an act of wisdom; but the accomplishing it was an act of power.</p>
<p><br />1. There is in this redeeming person a union of two natures. He is God and man in one person (Heb. 1:8, 9). &ldquo;&rdquo;Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: God, even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness,&rdquo; &amp;c. The Son is called God, having a throne for ever and ever, and the unction speaks him man: the Godhead cannot be anointed, nor hath any fellows. Humanity and Divinity are ascribed to him (Rom. 1:3, 4). &ldquo;He was of the seed of David according to the flesh, and declared to be the Son of God, by his resurrection from the dead.&rdquo; The Divinity and humanity are both prophetically joined (Zech. 12:10), &ldquo;I will pour out my Spirit;&rdquo; the pouring forth the Spirit is an act only of Divine grace and power. &ldquo;And they shall look upon me whom they have pierced;&rdquo; the same person pours forth the Spirit as God, and is pierced as man. &ldquo;The Word was made flesh&rdquo; (John 1:14). Word from eternity was made flesh in time; Word and flesh in one person; a great God, and a little infant.</p>
<p><br />2. The terms of this union were infinitely distant. What greater distance can there be than between the Deity and humanity, between the Creator and a creature? Can you imagine the distance hetween eternity and time, Infinite Power and miserable infirmity, an immortal spirit and dying flesh, the highest Being and nothing? yet these are espoused. A God of unmixed blessedness is linked personally with a man of perpetual sorrows: life incapable to die, joined to a body in that economy incapable to live without dying first; infinite purity, and a reputed sinner; eternal blessedness with a cursed nature, Almightiness and weakness, omuiscience and ignorance, immutability and changeableness, incomprehensibleness and comprehensibility; that which cannot be comprehended, and that which can be comprehended; that which is entirely independent, and that which is totally dependent; the Creator forming all things, and the creature made, met together to a personal union; &ldquo;The word made flesh&rdquo;. (John 1:14), the eternal Son, the &ldquo;Seed of Abraham&rdquo; (Heb. 2:16). What more miraculous, than for God to become man, and man to become God? That a person possessed of all the perfections of the Godhead, should inherit all the imperfections of the manhood in one person, sin only excepted: a holiness incapable of sinning to be made sin; God blessed forever, taking the properties of human nature, and human nature admitted to a union with the properties of the Creator: the fulness of the Deity, and the emptiness of man united together (Col. 2:9); not by a shining of the Deity upon the humanity, as the light of the sun upon the earth, but by an inhabitation or indwelling of the Deity in the humanity. Was there not need of an Infinite Power to bring together terms so far asunder, to elevate the humanity to be capable of, and disposed for, a conjunction with the Deity? If a God of earth should be advanced to, and united with the body of the sun, such an advance would evidence itself to be a work of Almighty power: the God hath nothing in its own nature to render it so glorious, no power to climb up to so high a dignity: how little would such a union be, to that we are speaking of! Nothing less than an Incomprehensible Power could effect what an Incomprehensible Wisdom did project in this affair.</p>
<p><br />3. Especially since the union is so strait. It is not such a union as is between a man and his house he dwells in, whence he goes out and to which he returns, without any alteration of himself or his house; nor such a union as is between a man and his garment, which both communicate and receive warmth from one another; nor such as is between an artificer and his instrument wherewith he works; nor such a union as one friend hath with another: all these are distant things, not one in nature, but have distinct substances. Two friends, though united by love, are distinct persons; a man and his clothes, an artificer and his instruments, have distinct subsistencies; but the humanity of Christ hath no subsistence, but in the person of Christ. The straitness of this union is expressed, and may be somewhat conceived, by the union of fire with iron; &ldquo;fire pierceth through all the parts of iron, it unites itself with every particle, bestows a light, heat, purity, upon all of it; you cannot distinguish the iron from the fire, or the fire from the iron, yet they are distinct natures; so the Deity is united to the whole humanity, seasons it, and bestows an excellency upon it, yet the natures still remain distinct. And as during that union of fire with iron, the iron is incapable of rust or blackness, so is the humanity incapable of sin: and as the operation of fire is attributed to the red-hot iron (as the iron may be said to heat, burn, and the fire may be said to cut and pierce), yet the imperfections of the iron do not affect the fire; so in this mystery, those things which belong to the Divinity are ascribed to the humanity, and those things which belong to the humanity, are ascribed to the Divinity, in regard of the person in whom those natures are united: yet the imperfections of the humanity do not hurt the Divinity.&rdquo;60 The Divinity of Christ is as really united with the humanity, as the soul with the body; the person was one, though the natures were two; so united, that the sufferings of the human nature were the sufferings of that person, and the dignity of the Divine was imputed to the human, by reason of that unity of both in one person; hence the blood of the human nature is said to be the &ldquo;blood of God&rdquo; (Acts 20:28). All things ascribed to the Son of God, may be ascribed to this man; and the things ascribed to this man, may be ascribed to the Son of God, as this man is the Son of God, eternal, Almighty; and it may be said, &ldquo;God suffered, was crucified,&rdquo; &amp;c., for the person of Christ is but one, most simple; the person suffered, that was God and Man united, making one person.61</p>
<p><br />4. And though the union be so strait, yet without confusion of the natures, or change of them into one another. The two natures of Christ are not mixed, as liquors that incorporate with one another when they are poured into a vessel; the Divine nature is not turned into the human, nor the human into the Divine; one nature doth not swallow up another, and make a third nature distinct from each of them.62 The Deity is not turned into the humanity, as air (which is next to a spirit) may be thickened and turned into water, and water may be rarified into air by the power of heat boiling it. The Deity cannot be changed, because the nature of it is to be unchangeable; it would not be Deity, if it were mortal and capable of suffering. The humanity is not changed into the Deity, for then Christ could not have been a sufferer; if the humanity had been swallowed up into the Deity, it had lost its own distinct nature, and put on the nature of the Deity, and, consequently, been incapable of suffering; finite can never, by any mixture, be changed into infinite, nor infinite into finite. This union, in this regard, may be resembled to the union of light and air, which are strictly joined; for the light passes through all parts of the air, but they are not confounded, but remain in their distinct essences as before the union, without the least confusion with one another. The Divine nature remains as it was before the union, entire in itself; only the Divine person assumes another nature to himself.63 The human nature remains, as it would have done, had it existed separately from the &Lambda;ό&gamma;&omicron;&sigmaf;, except that then it would have had a proper subsistence by itself, which now it borrows from its union with the &Lambda;ό&gamma;&omicron;&sigmaf;, or, word; but that doth not belong to the constitution of its nature.&nbsp;Now let us consider, what a wonder of power is all this: the knitting a noble soul to a body of clay, was not so great an exploit of Almightiness, as the espousing infinite and finite together. Man is further distant from God, than man from nothing.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><strong>What a wonder is it, that two natures infinitely distant, should be more intimately united than anything in the world; and yet without any confusion! that the same person should have both a glory and a grief; an infinite joy in the Deity, and an inexpressible sorrow in the humanity! That a God upon a throne should be an infant in a cradle; the thundering Creator be a weeping babe and a suffering man, are such expressions of mighty power, as well as condescending love, that they astonish men upon earth, and angels in heaven.</strong></h2>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><br />60 Lessius de Perf. Divin. lib. 12. cap. 4. p. 104.</p>
<p>61 Lessius, pp. 103, 104.</p>
<p>62 Lessius pp. 103, 104. Amyrald. Irenic. p. 284.</p>
<p>63 Amyrald. Irenic. p. 282.</p>
<p>Stephen Charnock, The Existence and Attributes of God, vol. 2 (Robert Carter &amp; Brothers, 1853), 61&ndash;64.</p>]]></description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Man only is the product of natural generation; this which is born of the virgin is the holy thing, the Son of God. In other generations, a rational soul is only united to a material body: but in this, the Divine nature is united with the human in one person by an indissoluble union.</p>
<p><br />The Second act of power in the person redeeming, is the union of the two natures, the Divine and human. The designing indeed of this was an act of wisdom; but the accomplishing it was an act of power.</p>
<p><br />1. There is in this redeeming person a union of two natures. He is God and man in one person (Heb. 1:8, 9). &ldquo;&rdquo;Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: God, even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness,&rdquo; &amp;c. The Son is called God, having a throne for ever and ever, and the unction speaks him man: the Godhead cannot be anointed, nor hath any fellows. Humanity and Divinity are ascribed to him (Rom. 1:3, 4). &ldquo;He was of the seed of David according to the flesh, and declared to be the Son of God, by his resurrection from the dead.&rdquo; The Divinity and humanity are both prophetically joined (Zech. 12:10), &ldquo;I will pour out my Spirit;&rdquo; the pouring forth the Spirit is an act only of Divine grace and power. &ldquo;And they shall look upon me whom they have pierced;&rdquo; the same person pours forth the Spirit as God, and is pierced as man. &ldquo;The Word was made flesh&rdquo; (John 1:14). Word from eternity was made flesh in time; Word and flesh in one person; a great God, and a little infant.</p>
<p><br />2. The terms of this union were infinitely distant. What greater distance can there be than between the Deity and humanity, between the Creator and a creature? Can you imagine the distance hetween eternity and time, Infinite Power and miserable infirmity, an immortal spirit and dying flesh, the highest Being and nothing? yet these are espoused. A God of unmixed blessedness is linked personally with a man of perpetual sorrows: life incapable to die, joined to a body in that economy incapable to live without dying first; infinite purity, and a reputed sinner; eternal blessedness with a cursed nature, Almightiness and weakness, omuiscience and ignorance, immutability and changeableness, incomprehensibleness and comprehensibility; that which cannot be comprehended, and that which can be comprehended; that which is entirely independent, and that which is totally dependent; the Creator forming all things, and the creature made, met together to a personal union; &ldquo;The word made flesh&rdquo;. (John 1:14), the eternal Son, the &ldquo;Seed of Abraham&rdquo; (Heb. 2:16). What more miraculous, than for God to become man, and man to become God? That a person possessed of all the perfections of the Godhead, should inherit all the imperfections of the manhood in one person, sin only excepted: a holiness incapable of sinning to be made sin; God blessed forever, taking the properties of human nature, and human nature admitted to a union with the properties of the Creator: the fulness of the Deity, and the emptiness of man united together (Col. 2:9); not by a shining of the Deity upon the humanity, as the light of the sun upon the earth, but by an inhabitation or indwelling of the Deity in the humanity. Was there not need of an Infinite Power to bring together terms so far asunder, to elevate the humanity to be capable of, and disposed for, a conjunction with the Deity? If a God of earth should be advanced to, and united with the body of the sun, such an advance would evidence itself to be a work of Almighty power: the God hath nothing in its own nature to render it so glorious, no power to climb up to so high a dignity: how little would such a union be, to that we are speaking of! Nothing less than an Incomprehensible Power could effect what an Incomprehensible Wisdom did project in this affair.</p>
<p><br />3. Especially since the union is so strait. It is not such a union as is between a man and his house he dwells in, whence he goes out and to which he returns, without any alteration of himself or his house; nor such a union as is between a man and his garment, which both communicate and receive warmth from one another; nor such as is between an artificer and his instrument wherewith he works; nor such a union as one friend hath with another: all these are distant things, not one in nature, but have distinct substances. Two friends, though united by love, are distinct persons; a man and his clothes, an artificer and his instruments, have distinct subsistencies; but the humanity of Christ hath no subsistence, but in the person of Christ. The straitness of this union is expressed, and may be somewhat conceived, by the union of fire with iron; &ldquo;fire pierceth through all the parts of iron, it unites itself with every particle, bestows a light, heat, purity, upon all of it; you cannot distinguish the iron from the fire, or the fire from the iron, yet they are distinct natures; so the Deity is united to the whole humanity, seasons it, and bestows an excellency upon it, yet the natures still remain distinct. And as during that union of fire with iron, the iron is incapable of rust or blackness, so is the humanity incapable of sin: and as the operation of fire is attributed to the red-hot iron (as the iron may be said to heat, burn, and the fire may be said to cut and pierce), yet the imperfections of the iron do not affect the fire; so in this mystery, those things which belong to the Divinity are ascribed to the humanity, and those things which belong to the humanity, are ascribed to the Divinity, in regard of the person in whom those natures are united: yet the imperfections of the humanity do not hurt the Divinity.&rdquo;60 The Divinity of Christ is as really united with the humanity, as the soul with the body; the person was one, though the natures were two; so united, that the sufferings of the human nature were the sufferings of that person, and the dignity of the Divine was imputed to the human, by reason of that unity of both in one person; hence the blood of the human nature is said to be the &ldquo;blood of God&rdquo; (Acts 20:28). All things ascribed to the Son of God, may be ascribed to this man; and the things ascribed to this man, may be ascribed to the Son of God, as this man is the Son of God, eternal, Almighty; and it may be said, &ldquo;God suffered, was crucified,&rdquo; &amp;c., for the person of Christ is but one, most simple; the person suffered, that was God and Man united, making one person.61</p>
<p><br />4. And though the union be so strait, yet without confusion of the natures, or change of them into one another. The two natures of Christ are not mixed, as liquors that incorporate with one another when they are poured into a vessel; the Divine nature is not turned into the human, nor the human into the Divine; one nature doth not swallow up another, and make a third nature distinct from each of them.62 The Deity is not turned into the humanity, as air (which is next to a spirit) may be thickened and turned into water, and water may be rarified into air by the power of heat boiling it. The Deity cannot be changed, because the nature of it is to be unchangeable; it would not be Deity, if it were mortal and capable of suffering. The humanity is not changed into the Deity, for then Christ could not have been a sufferer; if the humanity had been swallowed up into the Deity, it had lost its own distinct nature, and put on the nature of the Deity, and, consequently, been incapable of suffering; finite can never, by any mixture, be changed into infinite, nor infinite into finite. This union, in this regard, may be resembled to the union of light and air, which are strictly joined; for the light passes through all parts of the air, but they are not confounded, but remain in their distinct essences as before the union, without the least confusion with one another. The Divine nature remains as it was before the union, entire in itself; only the Divine person assumes another nature to himself.63 The human nature remains, as it would have done, had it existed separately from the &Lambda;ό&gamma;&omicron;&sigmaf;, except that then it would have had a proper subsistence by itself, which now it borrows from its union with the &Lambda;ό&gamma;&omicron;&sigmaf;, or, word; but that doth not belong to the constitution of its nature.&nbsp;Now let us consider, what a wonder of power is all this: the knitting a noble soul to a body of clay, was not so great an exploit of Almightiness, as the espousing infinite and finite together. Man is further distant from God, than man from nothing.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><strong>What a wonder is it, that two natures infinitely distant, should be more intimately united than anything in the world; and yet without any confusion! that the same person should have both a glory and a grief; an infinite joy in the Deity, and an inexpressible sorrow in the humanity! That a God upon a throne should be an infant in a cradle; the thundering Creator be a weeping babe and a suffering man, are such expressions of mighty power, as well as condescending love, that they astonish men upon earth, and angels in heaven.</strong></h2>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><br />60 Lessius de Perf. Divin. lib. 12. cap. 4. p. 104.</p>
<p>61 Lessius, pp. 103, 104.</p>
<p>62 Lessius pp. 103, 104. Amyrald. Irenic. p. 284.</p>
<p>63 Amyrald. Irenic. p. 282.</p>
<p>Stephen Charnock, The Existence and Attributes of God, vol. 2 (Robert Carter &amp; Brothers, 1853), 61&ndash;64.</p>]]></content:encoded>
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        <title>Pastor&#039;s Wife and Church Life</title>
		<link>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/pastors-wife-</link>
        <comments>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/pastors-wife-#comments</comments>        
        <pubDate>Fri, 22 Sep 2023 13:00:00 -0400</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Guest Blogger]]></dc:creator>        		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/pastors-wife-</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a">
<p dir="auto"><strong>My (Pastor Matt Jones) good friend Chad Vegas who pastors at a church in Bakersfield called Sovereign Grace Church, recently posted a short reflection on how believers ought to view the wife of a pastor in their churches. I found it to be a good word and with his permission I am sharing it here for our Del Rey Church family and friends. Blessings!</strong></p>
<p dir="auto">&nbsp;</p>
<div dir="auto"></div>
<div dir="auto"></div>
<div dir="auto"></div>
<div dir="auto"></div>
<h3 dir="auto"><strong>'Pastor's Wife and Church Life' </strong></h3>
<h3 dir="auto"><strong>by Pastor Chad Vegas</strong></h3>
<div dir="auto"></div>
<p>"Pastor's wife" is not a God-given office in the church. The wife of the pastor is a church member like everyone else. She is not a second employee, or associate pastor, or women's director, or church musician etc. She is not to bear the burdens of the church. She is to be a helper to her husband and a mother to her children. I am often asked by members about how we encourage the "pastors' wives." The answer I give is to see my wife as a member of the church like everyone else, and not as some kind of co-pastor with me. I intentionally shield my wife from as many burdens of the church as possible. If she wants to serve in some way, then she is welcome to do so. But she is not a free employee that comes along with my salary.</p>
<p>Now, are there additional burdens on a "pastor's wife" we cannot avoid? Yes! Does she see her husband get mistreated by people he lays down his life for? Yes. Does she lose friends when people decide to move on to other churches, or when they become upset with her husband over a ministry decision? Yes. Does she have to be guarded about friendship because some people try to get close to the minister's wife in order to be "in the know"? Yes. Do her children often bear the pressure of living up to their dad's reputation? Yes. Does she have to walk her children through the loss of their friends when people leave the church, or get upset with her husband? Yes.</p>
<p>For these reasons the pastor's wife needs to be a godly, hospitable, and close-mouthed woman. She needs to be a woman who trusts the Lord. She needs those "godly graces" from the Holy Spirit to be married to a pastor. She does not need any particular "ministry gifts" in order to be the pastor's wife. In summary, treat your pastor's wife as a church member. Pray for her because of her unique challenges in being married to a gospel minister. But don't set extra expectations for her.</p>
</div>]]></description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a">
<p dir="auto"><strong>My (Pastor Matt Jones) good friend Chad Vegas who pastors at a church in Bakersfield called Sovereign Grace Church, recently posted a short reflection on how believers ought to view the wife of a pastor in their churches. I found it to be a good word and with his permission I am sharing it here for our Del Rey Church family and friends. Blessings!</strong></p>
<p dir="auto">&nbsp;</p>
<div dir="auto"></div>
<div dir="auto"></div>
<div dir="auto"></div>
<div dir="auto"></div>
<h3 dir="auto"><strong>'Pastor's Wife and Church Life' </strong></h3>
<h3 dir="auto"><strong>by Pastor Chad Vegas</strong></h3>
<div dir="auto"></div>
<p>"Pastor's wife" is not a God-given office in the church. The wife of the pastor is a church member like everyone else. She is not a second employee, or associate pastor, or women's director, or church musician etc. She is not to bear the burdens of the church. She is to be a helper to her husband and a mother to her children. I am often asked by members about how we encourage the "pastors' wives." The answer I give is to see my wife as a member of the church like everyone else, and not as some kind of co-pastor with me. I intentionally shield my wife from as many burdens of the church as possible. If she wants to serve in some way, then she is welcome to do so. But she is not a free employee that comes along with my salary.</p>
<p>Now, are there additional burdens on a "pastor's wife" we cannot avoid? Yes! Does she see her husband get mistreated by people he lays down his life for? Yes. Does she lose friends when people decide to move on to other churches, or when they become upset with her husband over a ministry decision? Yes. Does she have to be guarded about friendship because some people try to get close to the minister's wife in order to be "in the know"? Yes. Do her children often bear the pressure of living up to their dad's reputation? Yes. Does she have to walk her children through the loss of their friends when people leave the church, or get upset with her husband? Yes.</p>
<p>For these reasons the pastor's wife needs to be a godly, hospitable, and close-mouthed woman. She needs to be a woman who trusts the Lord. She needs those "godly graces" from the Holy Spirit to be married to a pastor. She does not need any particular "ministry gifts" in order to be the pastor's wife. In summary, treat your pastor's wife as a church member. Pray for her because of her unique challenges in being married to a gospel minister. But don't set extra expectations for her.</p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
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    	<item>
        <title>A Question/Clarification from the Sermon </title>
		<link>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/a-question-clarification-from-the-sermon-</link>
        <comments>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/a-question-clarification-from-the-sermon-#comments</comments>        
        <pubDate>Sat, 08 Jul 2023 14:00:00 -0400</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Matt Jones]]></dc:creator>        		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/a-question-clarification-from-the-sermon-</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<h2><strong>A Question/Clarification from the Sermon</strong></h2>
<p><strong>by: Pastor Matt Jones, PhD</strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>In the introduction of my sermon last week (July 2, 2023), I got into Independence Day, secular culture, Pride stuff, slavery, and racism. All of it was intended to acknowledge the upcoming holiday in our nation (July 4, 2023) and also to make a comparison with our immoral culture and the biblical world of Acts that was also stained by slavery, ruined by racism, filled with sexual perversion, etc. In the midst of this, I brought up the Emancipation Proclamation,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.gotquestions.org/Christian-Juneteenth.html">Juneteenth</a>, and made a passing comment about Abraham Lincoln that he was &ldquo;a slave owner himself.&rdquo; It was a passing comment, but it raised at least one eyebrow, so this blog post is an unpacking and elaboration on those four words.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>After the sermon I was asked by a faithful and dear brother, &lsquo;but wasn&rsquo;t Lincoln an abolitionist?&rsquo; (that&rsquo;s my paraphrase of the question). The answer to this question is yes (well, maybe not by modern standards to some, but definitely in his time he was a&nbsp;<em>bona fide</em>&nbsp;abolitionist), i.e., Lincoln was known for his abolitionary efforts and God no doubt used him to turn the tide against the horrible evils of slavery. That said, history isn&rsquo;t always that simple and clean, especially not in the 1800s in North America. In the case of Lincoln and his record on racism, former slave and abolitionist Frederick Douglass unequivocally regarded Lincoln as sharing "the prejudices of his white fellow-countrymen against the Negro."<sup>1</sup>&nbsp;As it relates to slavery, Lincoln scholars such as Dr. Kevin Johnson have implicated him for inheriting slaves through his wife, whose father was Kentucky&rsquo;s largest slaveholder.<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;That said, not all scholars of Lincoln are agreed on this point (i.e., how do we interpret Lincoln&rsquo;s inheriting and selling slaves, as opposed to freeing them, not to mention his friendships with infamous slave masters like senator Henry Clay, while reconciling it with public anti-slavery statements he made), so what I should have said was &ldquo;a man accused of having ties to slavery&rdquo; or something like that to qualify that his connections are complex. In any case, while his ties to slavery are not as clear, Lincoln&rsquo;s ties to racism are very clear, so I also could have just said, &ldquo;a man known for racialized rhetoric and supremacist ideologies.&rdquo; For example, there are quotes from speeches Lincoln gave that were glaringly racist, like his 1858 speech in Charleston, Illinois, when he proclaimed,</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&ldquo;I will say, then, that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races&mdash;that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of making voters or jurors of Negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people; and I will say in addition to this, that there is a physical difference between the white and black races which I believe will forever forbid the two races living together on terms of social and political equality. And inasmuch as they cannot so live, while they do remain together there must be the position of superior and inferior, and I, as much as any other man, am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white race.&rdquo;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Granted, this statement was made before the Emancipation Proclamation, nevertheless around the time of it going into effect, Lincoln was implicated with plans to ship freed Black Americans out of America to Liberia and/or Haiti which he spoke of in his message to congress, so while Lincoln did work to free slaves, he also didn&rsquo;t exactly want them around in America and viewed Black Americans as lesser than whites in a racial hierarchy.<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;Further, as it relates to emancipation, many Lincoln scholars hold that his motives may have been less about freedom for humans made in the image of God and more so about his beliefs that slavery disadvantaged poor whites who couldn&rsquo;t afford slaves and speaking of whites who did own slaves, Lincoln advocated for the government to pay whites reparations to compensate them for losing free laborers. Meanwhile, we can also find in Lincoln&rsquo;s speeches places where he speaks of God&rsquo;s righteous judgment against the country for slavery, so depending on how one prooftexts the man they can spin him into a pure abolitionist or a dirty racist. The same goes for his faith, as there many examples of Lincoln invoking God and quoting the Bible in his public addresses, and yet there are accounts of Lincoln mocking the Bible, denying the historicity of Jesus as God the Son incarnate, and even writing an essay titled &ldquo;Infidelity&rdquo; which attacked Christianity, not to mention the fact that he was never baptized and never belonged in membership at a local church.<sup>4</sup></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>All of this to say, Lincoln and his history with racism and slavery is complicated, along with his agnosticism and cultural Christianity used in the political sphere, and thus from where we sit today we have to be careful to not fall into anachronistic readings of the history.<sup>5</sup>&nbsp;My sermon introduction was not a biography of Lincoln, so there wasn&rsquo;t time to get into all of this, but since I was asked I wanted to elaborate and a public blog post affords the time to do that, whereas a sermon on Sunday is limited (and we already push the limits at DRC with our preaching style and length!). In summary, yes, Lincoln did amazing abolitionist stuff. There&rsquo;s no doubt about that. Yet, he was also a product of the oppressive white South, so it is no wonder we see contradictions in the man. &nbsp;W.E.B. Du Bois described Lincoln&rsquo;s contradictory nature as follows: &ldquo;he was big enough to be inconsistent&mdash;cruel, merciful; peace-loving, a fighter; despising Negroes and letting them fight and vote; protecting slavery and freeing slaves. He was a man&mdash;a big, inconsistent, brave man.&rdquo;<sup>6</sup></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>The flaws of histories&rsquo; heroes are ultimately a wonderful reminder to us as Christians that we only have one unflawed and perfect hero, He is our Lord and Savior Jesus the Christ, the hero who died for His enemies to reconcile them to the Father. Jesus stands out in history and Scripture as the world&rsquo;s greatest hero and more, God the Son in the flesh to save sinners from hell and God&rsquo;s just wrath. Speaking of heroes in Scripture, even the heroes of our sacred Bible are flawed and yet God worked through these men and women of history to do His work. Abraham was a polygamist and sex trafficker. Moses was a murderer. David was a womanizer. Paul was a persecutor. The biblical list goes on. The observation at hand (i.e., that God works through flawed people) is offered in no way to minimize the sins of men, especially not the oppressive slavery and demonic racism that was alive when Lincoln was born. Rather, the observation serves as a caution against white-washing history and holding up men with feet of clay too high. On this note, I will close with another quote from DuBois, who after saying something critical about Lincoln&rsquo;s racism he got a bunch of heated mail so he published a short article from which I will close with a sample from it: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&ldquo;We love to think of the Great as flawless. &hellip;As a result of this, no sooner does a great man die than we begin to whitewash him. We seek to forget all that was small and mean and unpleasant and remember the fine and brave and good. We slur over and explain away his inconsistencies and at last there begins to appear, not the real man, but the tradition of the man&ndash;remote, immense, perfect, cold and dead!</p>
<p>&ldquo;&hellip; Thus many of my readers were hurt by what I said of Lincoln&hellip; I am sorry to hurt them, for some of them were tried friends of me and my cause&ndash;particularly one like the veteran, wounded at Chickamauga and a staunch defender of our rights, who thinks my words &ldquo;unkind and uncalled for.&rdquo;</p>
<p>&ldquo;First and foremost, there comes a question of fact. Was what I said true or false? &hellip; If my facts were false, my words were wrong&ndash;but were my facts false?</p>
<p>&ldquo;Beyond this, there is another and deeper question on which most of my critics dwell. They say, What is the use of recalling evil? What good will it do? or as one phrases, &ldquo;Is this proper food for your people&rdquo;? I think it is.</p>
<p>&ldquo;Abraham Lincoln was perhaps the greatest figure of the nineteenth century. Certainly of the five masters,&ndash;Napoleon, Bismarck, Victoria, Browning and Lincoln, Lincoln is to me the most human and lovable. And I love him not because he was perfect but because he was not and yet triumphed. The world is full of illegitimate children. The world is full of folk whose taste was educated in the gutter. The world is full of people born hating and despising their fellows. To these I love to say: See this man. He was one of you and yet he became Abraham Lincoln.</p>
<p>&ldquo;&hellip;The difficulty is that ignorant folk and inexperienced try continually to paint humanity as all good or all evil. Was Lincoln great and good? He was! Well, then, all evil alleged against him are malicious lies, even if they are true.</p>
<p>&ldquo;Why should you wish to hold up to public gaze those defects of character you claim he possessed, knowing that he wrought so well?&rdquo;</p>
<p>&ldquo;That is the very reason for telling the Truth. That is the reason for painting Cromwell&rsquo;s mole as it was and not as some artists conceive it ought to have been.</p>
<p>&ldquo;The scars and foibles and contradictions of the Great do not diminish but enhance the worth and meaning of their upward struggle: it was the bloody sweat that proved the human Christ divine; it was his true history and antecedents that proved Abraham Lincoln a Prince of Men.&rdquo;<sup>7</sup></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1><strong>ENDNOTES:</strong></h1>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>1 &nbsp;Frederick Douglass, &ldquo;Oration in Memory of Abraham Lincoln," April 14, 1876,&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427050628/http:/www.teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?documentprint=39">https://web.archive.org/web/20110427050628/http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?documentprint=39</a>&nbsp;.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>2 &ldquo;Lincoln&rsquo;s Ownership of Slaves Confirmed in New Book by Kevin Orlin Johnson,&rdquo; CISION, Jul7 7, 2023,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.prweb.com/releases/lincolns_ownership_of_slaves_confirmed_in_new_book_by_kevin_orlin_johnson_from_pangaeus_press/prweb18499473.htm">https://www.prweb.com/releases/lincolns_ownership_of_slaves_confirmed_in_new_book_by_kevin_orlin_johnson_from_pangaeus_press/prweb18499473.htm</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>3. Abraham Lincoln, Dec 1, 1862,&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114110823/http:/www.infoplease.com/t/hist/state-of-the-union/74.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20120114110823/http://www.infoplease.com/t/hist/state-of-the-union/74.html</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>4. Justin Taylor, &ldquo;Was Abraham Lincoln a Christian?&rdquo; TGC&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/justin-taylor/was-abraham-lincoln-a-christian/">https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/justin-taylor/was-abraham-lincoln-a-christian/</a>&nbsp;. On the hypothesis that towards the end of his life Lincoln became more open to Christianity see Stephen Mansfield, &ldquo;The Maddeningly Untraditional and Modern Faith of Abraham Lincoln,&rdquo; Religion News, August 12, 2019,&nbsp;<a href="https://religionnews.com/2019/08/12/the-maddeningly-untraditional-and-modern-faith-of-abraham-lincoln/">https://religionnews.com/2019/08/12/the-maddeningly-untraditional-and-modern-faith-of-abraham-lincoln/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>5. For more, see the Wikipedia entry on this&hellip; it&rsquo;s pretty good and surfaces the complexities of Lincoln&rsquo;s good and bad on this topic&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_and_slavery">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_and_slavery</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>6. W.E.B. Du Bois,&nbsp;<em>The Crisis Magazine</em>, May 1922.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>7. W.E.B. Du Bois. &ldquo;Again, Lincoln&rdquo;. September, 1922.</p>
<p>https://teachingamericanhistory.org/document/again-lincoln/</p>]]></description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2><strong>A Question/Clarification from the Sermon</strong></h2>
<p><strong>by: Pastor Matt Jones, PhD</strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>In the introduction of my sermon last week (July 2, 2023), I got into Independence Day, secular culture, Pride stuff, slavery, and racism. All of it was intended to acknowledge the upcoming holiday in our nation (July 4, 2023) and also to make a comparison with our immoral culture and the biblical world of Acts that was also stained by slavery, ruined by racism, filled with sexual perversion, etc. In the midst of this, I brought up the Emancipation Proclamation,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.gotquestions.org/Christian-Juneteenth.html">Juneteenth</a>, and made a passing comment about Abraham Lincoln that he was &ldquo;a slave owner himself.&rdquo; It was a passing comment, but it raised at least one eyebrow, so this blog post is an unpacking and elaboration on those four words.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>After the sermon I was asked by a faithful and dear brother, &lsquo;but wasn&rsquo;t Lincoln an abolitionist?&rsquo; (that&rsquo;s my paraphrase of the question). The answer to this question is yes (well, maybe not by modern standards to some, but definitely in his time he was a&nbsp;<em>bona fide</em>&nbsp;abolitionist), i.e., Lincoln was known for his abolitionary efforts and God no doubt used him to turn the tide against the horrible evils of slavery. That said, history isn&rsquo;t always that simple and clean, especially not in the 1800s in North America. In the case of Lincoln and his record on racism, former slave and abolitionist Frederick Douglass unequivocally regarded Lincoln as sharing "the prejudices of his white fellow-countrymen against the Negro."<sup>1</sup>&nbsp;As it relates to slavery, Lincoln scholars such as Dr. Kevin Johnson have implicated him for inheriting slaves through his wife, whose father was Kentucky&rsquo;s largest slaveholder.<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;That said, not all scholars of Lincoln are agreed on this point (i.e., how do we interpret Lincoln&rsquo;s inheriting and selling slaves, as opposed to freeing them, not to mention his friendships with infamous slave masters like senator Henry Clay, while reconciling it with public anti-slavery statements he made), so what I should have said was &ldquo;a man accused of having ties to slavery&rdquo; or something like that to qualify that his connections are complex. In any case, while his ties to slavery are not as clear, Lincoln&rsquo;s ties to racism are very clear, so I also could have just said, &ldquo;a man known for racialized rhetoric and supremacist ideologies.&rdquo; For example, there are quotes from speeches Lincoln gave that were glaringly racist, like his 1858 speech in Charleston, Illinois, when he proclaimed,</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&ldquo;I will say, then, that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races&mdash;that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of making voters or jurors of Negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people; and I will say in addition to this, that there is a physical difference between the white and black races which I believe will forever forbid the two races living together on terms of social and political equality. And inasmuch as they cannot so live, while they do remain together there must be the position of superior and inferior, and I, as much as any other man, am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white race.&rdquo;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Granted, this statement was made before the Emancipation Proclamation, nevertheless around the time of it going into effect, Lincoln was implicated with plans to ship freed Black Americans out of America to Liberia and/or Haiti which he spoke of in his message to congress, so while Lincoln did work to free slaves, he also didn&rsquo;t exactly want them around in America and viewed Black Americans as lesser than whites in a racial hierarchy.<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;Further, as it relates to emancipation, many Lincoln scholars hold that his motives may have been less about freedom for humans made in the image of God and more so about his beliefs that slavery disadvantaged poor whites who couldn&rsquo;t afford slaves and speaking of whites who did own slaves, Lincoln advocated for the government to pay whites reparations to compensate them for losing free laborers. Meanwhile, we can also find in Lincoln&rsquo;s speeches places where he speaks of God&rsquo;s righteous judgment against the country for slavery, so depending on how one prooftexts the man they can spin him into a pure abolitionist or a dirty racist. The same goes for his faith, as there many examples of Lincoln invoking God and quoting the Bible in his public addresses, and yet there are accounts of Lincoln mocking the Bible, denying the historicity of Jesus as God the Son incarnate, and even writing an essay titled &ldquo;Infidelity&rdquo; which attacked Christianity, not to mention the fact that he was never baptized and never belonged in membership at a local church.<sup>4</sup></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>All of this to say, Lincoln and his history with racism and slavery is complicated, along with his agnosticism and cultural Christianity used in the political sphere, and thus from where we sit today we have to be careful to not fall into anachronistic readings of the history.<sup>5</sup>&nbsp;My sermon introduction was not a biography of Lincoln, so there wasn&rsquo;t time to get into all of this, but since I was asked I wanted to elaborate and a public blog post affords the time to do that, whereas a sermon on Sunday is limited (and we already push the limits at DRC with our preaching style and length!). In summary, yes, Lincoln did amazing abolitionist stuff. There&rsquo;s no doubt about that. Yet, he was also a product of the oppressive white South, so it is no wonder we see contradictions in the man. &nbsp;W.E.B. Du Bois described Lincoln&rsquo;s contradictory nature as follows: &ldquo;he was big enough to be inconsistent&mdash;cruel, merciful; peace-loving, a fighter; despising Negroes and letting them fight and vote; protecting slavery and freeing slaves. He was a man&mdash;a big, inconsistent, brave man.&rdquo;<sup>6</sup></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>The flaws of histories&rsquo; heroes are ultimately a wonderful reminder to us as Christians that we only have one unflawed and perfect hero, He is our Lord and Savior Jesus the Christ, the hero who died for His enemies to reconcile them to the Father. Jesus stands out in history and Scripture as the world&rsquo;s greatest hero and more, God the Son in the flesh to save sinners from hell and God&rsquo;s just wrath. Speaking of heroes in Scripture, even the heroes of our sacred Bible are flawed and yet God worked through these men and women of history to do His work. Abraham was a polygamist and sex trafficker. Moses was a murderer. David was a womanizer. Paul was a persecutor. The biblical list goes on. The observation at hand (i.e., that God works through flawed people) is offered in no way to minimize the sins of men, especially not the oppressive slavery and demonic racism that was alive when Lincoln was born. Rather, the observation serves as a caution against white-washing history and holding up men with feet of clay too high. On this note, I will close with another quote from DuBois, who after saying something critical about Lincoln&rsquo;s racism he got a bunch of heated mail so he published a short article from which I will close with a sample from it: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&ldquo;We love to think of the Great as flawless. &hellip;As a result of this, no sooner does a great man die than we begin to whitewash him. We seek to forget all that was small and mean and unpleasant and remember the fine and brave and good. We slur over and explain away his inconsistencies and at last there begins to appear, not the real man, but the tradition of the man&ndash;remote, immense, perfect, cold and dead!</p>
<p>&ldquo;&hellip; Thus many of my readers were hurt by what I said of Lincoln&hellip; I am sorry to hurt them, for some of them were tried friends of me and my cause&ndash;particularly one like the veteran, wounded at Chickamauga and a staunch defender of our rights, who thinks my words &ldquo;unkind and uncalled for.&rdquo;</p>
<p>&ldquo;First and foremost, there comes a question of fact. Was what I said true or false? &hellip; If my facts were false, my words were wrong&ndash;but were my facts false?</p>
<p>&ldquo;Beyond this, there is another and deeper question on which most of my critics dwell. They say, What is the use of recalling evil? What good will it do? or as one phrases, &ldquo;Is this proper food for your people&rdquo;? I think it is.</p>
<p>&ldquo;Abraham Lincoln was perhaps the greatest figure of the nineteenth century. Certainly of the five masters,&ndash;Napoleon, Bismarck, Victoria, Browning and Lincoln, Lincoln is to me the most human and lovable. And I love him not because he was perfect but because he was not and yet triumphed. The world is full of illegitimate children. The world is full of folk whose taste was educated in the gutter. The world is full of people born hating and despising their fellows. To these I love to say: See this man. He was one of you and yet he became Abraham Lincoln.</p>
<p>&ldquo;&hellip;The difficulty is that ignorant folk and inexperienced try continually to paint humanity as all good or all evil. Was Lincoln great and good? He was! Well, then, all evil alleged against him are malicious lies, even if they are true.</p>
<p>&ldquo;Why should you wish to hold up to public gaze those defects of character you claim he possessed, knowing that he wrought so well?&rdquo;</p>
<p>&ldquo;That is the very reason for telling the Truth. That is the reason for painting Cromwell&rsquo;s mole as it was and not as some artists conceive it ought to have been.</p>
<p>&ldquo;The scars and foibles and contradictions of the Great do not diminish but enhance the worth and meaning of their upward struggle: it was the bloody sweat that proved the human Christ divine; it was his true history and antecedents that proved Abraham Lincoln a Prince of Men.&rdquo;<sup>7</sup></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1><strong>ENDNOTES:</strong></h1>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>1 &nbsp;Frederick Douglass, &ldquo;Oration in Memory of Abraham Lincoln," April 14, 1876,&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427050628/http:/www.teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?documentprint=39">https://web.archive.org/web/20110427050628/http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?documentprint=39</a>&nbsp;.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>2 &ldquo;Lincoln&rsquo;s Ownership of Slaves Confirmed in New Book by Kevin Orlin Johnson,&rdquo; CISION, Jul7 7, 2023,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.prweb.com/releases/lincolns_ownership_of_slaves_confirmed_in_new_book_by_kevin_orlin_johnson_from_pangaeus_press/prweb18499473.htm">https://www.prweb.com/releases/lincolns_ownership_of_slaves_confirmed_in_new_book_by_kevin_orlin_johnson_from_pangaeus_press/prweb18499473.htm</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>3. Abraham Lincoln, Dec 1, 1862,&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114110823/http:/www.infoplease.com/t/hist/state-of-the-union/74.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20120114110823/http://www.infoplease.com/t/hist/state-of-the-union/74.html</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>4. Justin Taylor, &ldquo;Was Abraham Lincoln a Christian?&rdquo; TGC&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/justin-taylor/was-abraham-lincoln-a-christian/">https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/justin-taylor/was-abraham-lincoln-a-christian/</a>&nbsp;. On the hypothesis that towards the end of his life Lincoln became more open to Christianity see Stephen Mansfield, &ldquo;The Maddeningly Untraditional and Modern Faith of Abraham Lincoln,&rdquo; Religion News, August 12, 2019,&nbsp;<a href="https://religionnews.com/2019/08/12/the-maddeningly-untraditional-and-modern-faith-of-abraham-lincoln/">https://religionnews.com/2019/08/12/the-maddeningly-untraditional-and-modern-faith-of-abraham-lincoln/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>5. For more, see the Wikipedia entry on this&hellip; it&rsquo;s pretty good and surfaces the complexities of Lincoln&rsquo;s good and bad on this topic&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_and_slavery">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_and_slavery</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>6. W.E.B. Du Bois,&nbsp;<em>The Crisis Magazine</em>, May 1922.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>7. W.E.B. Du Bois. &ldquo;Again, Lincoln&rdquo;. September, 1922.</p>
<p>https://teachingamericanhistory.org/document/again-lincoln/</p>]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
    	<item>
        <title>People of Color in Church History</title>
		<link>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/people-of-color-in-church-history</link>
        <comments>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/people-of-color-in-church-history#comments</comments>        
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 May 2023 13:00:00 -0400</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Matt Jones]]></dc:creator>                <category><![CDATA[Reading]]></category>
        		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/people-of-color-in-church-history</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>I have been teaching college level Church History for quite some time and one of my complaints with typical curriculum and literature in the West is that it doesn&rsquo;t give enough attention to the historical movements of the gospel of Jesus in early centuries in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. This is particularly troubling in urban contexts like Los Angeles where I pastor as there are many cults that target minority communities with two common extremes, namely telling folks that Christianity is the &ldquo;white man&rsquo;s&rdquo; religion as a means to dismiss its truth claims, or an equally mindless assertion is to colonize the faith from its semitic origins to erase genuine Middle Eastern Jewish history with claims that Jews today are not the Jews of biblical history but are a part of some European conspiracy theory. In any case, the devil certainly loves ignorance and conspiracies that get good people walking away from church and the gospel of Jesus, which is deeply concerning to me as a pastor and teacher. Additionally, since I get asked a lot about good books to read on this topic I figured it was time to put together a short list of must-reads for Christ-followers in urban contexts who want to combat these myths with true history and sound doctrine. Further, beyond apologetic purposes these books will enrich any genuine reader in the faith with the rich history of Christ&rsquo;s church that is unfortunately in most books lacking in this ethno-geography. So here goes&hellip; Blessings on your studies&hellip;.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>- Pastor Matt,</strong> PhD, DMin, MTh, MA</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>AN INTRODUCTORY READING LIST WITH EMPHASIS ON BLACK &amp; AFRICAN CHURCH HISTORY</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Philip Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity: The Thousand-Year Golden Age of the Church in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia--and How It Died</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Lost-History-Christianity-Thousand-Year-Asia/dp/0061472816/">https://www.amazon.com/Lost-History-Christianity-Thousand-Year-Asia/dp/0061472816/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Vince Bantu, A Multitude of All Peoples: Engaging Ancient Christianity's Global Identity</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Multitude-All-Peoples-Christianitys-Missiological/dp/0830851070/">https://www.amazon.com/Multitude-All-Peoples-Christianitys-Missiological/dp/0830851070/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Wendy Elgersma Helleman and Musa A. B. Gaiya, Early Christianity: A Textbook for African Students</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Early-Christianity-Textbook-African-Students-ebook/dp/B07YZBZZ3J/">https://www.amazon.com/Early-Christianity-Textbook-African-Students-ebook/dp/B07YZBZZ3J/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Thomas C. Oden, How Africa Shaped the Christian Mind: Rediscovering the African Seedbed of Western Christianity</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Africa-Shaped-Christian-Mind-Rediscovering/dp/0830837051/">https://www.amazon.com/Africa-Shaped-Christian-Mind-Rediscovering/dp/0830837051/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Thomas C. Oden, The African Memory of Mark: Reassessing Early Church Tradition</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/African-Memory-Mark-Reassessing-Tradition/dp/083083933X/">https://www.amazon.com/African-Memory-Mark-Reassessing-Tradition/dp/083083933X/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Timothy Yates, The Expansion of Christianity</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Expansion-Christianity-Ivp-Histories/dp/0830823581/">https://www.amazon.com/Expansion-Christianity-Ivp-Histories/dp/0830823581/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>David L. Eastman, Early North African Christianity</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Early-North-African-Christianity-Development/dp/1540963675/">https://www.amazon.com/Early-North-African-Christianity-Development/dp/1540963675/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Elizabeth Isichei, A History of Christianity in Africa: From Antiquity to the Present</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/History-Christianity-Africa-Antiquity-Present/dp/0802808433/">https://www.amazon.com/History-Christianity-Africa-Antiquity-Present/dp/0802808433/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Craig S. Keener and Glenn Usry, Defending Black Faith</p>
<p><a href="https://www.christianbook.com/defending-black-faith-craig-keener/9780830819959/pd/0819959">https://www.christianbook.com/defending-black-faith-craig-keener/9780830819959/pd/0819959</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Eric Mason, ed. Urban Apologetics: Restoring Black Dignity with the Gospel</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Urban-Apologetics-Restoring-Dignity-Gospel/dp/0310100941/">https://www.amazon.com/Urban-Apologetics-Restoring-Dignity-Gospel/dp/0310100941/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Craig S. Keener and Glenn Usry, Black Man's Religion</p>
<p><a href="https://www.christianbook.com/black-mans-religion-craig-keener/9780830819836/">https://www.christianbook.com/black-mans-religion-craig-keener/9780830819836/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>J. Patout Burns Jr. and Robin M. Jensen, Christianity in Roman Africa: The Development of Its Practices and Beliefs</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Christianity-Roman-Africa-Development-Practices/dp/0802869319/">https://www.amazon.com/Christianity-Roman-Africa-Development-Practices/dp/0802869319/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Vince L. Bantu, Gospel Haymanot: A Constructive Theology and Critical Reflection on African and Diasporic Christianity</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Gospel-Haymanot-Constructive-Reflection-Christianity/dp/1683536657/">https://www.amazon.com/Gospel-Haymanot-Constructive-Reflection-Christianity/dp/1683536657/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>John Hunt, ed. Essential Writings of the American Black Church</p>
<p><a href="https://www.christianbook.com/essential-writings-american-black-church-ebook/9781617151453/pd/23019EB">https://www.christianbook.com/essential-writings-american-black-church-ebook/9781617151453/pd/23019EB</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong><em>There&rsquo;s more&hellip; but this is a good start. Enjoy!</em></strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>]]></description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have been teaching college level Church History for quite some time and one of my complaints with typical curriculum and literature in the West is that it doesn&rsquo;t give enough attention to the historical movements of the gospel of Jesus in early centuries in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. This is particularly troubling in urban contexts like Los Angeles where I pastor as there are many cults that target minority communities with two common extremes, namely telling folks that Christianity is the &ldquo;white man&rsquo;s&rdquo; religion as a means to dismiss its truth claims, or an equally mindless assertion is to colonize the faith from its semitic origins to erase genuine Middle Eastern Jewish history with claims that Jews today are not the Jews of biblical history but are a part of some European conspiracy theory. In any case, the devil certainly loves ignorance and conspiracies that get good people walking away from church and the gospel of Jesus, which is deeply concerning to me as a pastor and teacher. Additionally, since I get asked a lot about good books to read on this topic I figured it was time to put together a short list of must-reads for Christ-followers in urban contexts who want to combat these myths with true history and sound doctrine. Further, beyond apologetic purposes these books will enrich any genuine reader in the faith with the rich history of Christ&rsquo;s church that is unfortunately in most books lacking in this ethno-geography. So here goes&hellip; Blessings on your studies&hellip;.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>- Pastor Matt,</strong> PhD, DMin, MTh, MA</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>AN INTRODUCTORY READING LIST WITH EMPHASIS ON BLACK &amp; AFRICAN CHURCH HISTORY</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Philip Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity: The Thousand-Year Golden Age of the Church in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia--and How It Died</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Lost-History-Christianity-Thousand-Year-Asia/dp/0061472816/">https://www.amazon.com/Lost-History-Christianity-Thousand-Year-Asia/dp/0061472816/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Vince Bantu, A Multitude of All Peoples: Engaging Ancient Christianity's Global Identity</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Multitude-All-Peoples-Christianitys-Missiological/dp/0830851070/">https://www.amazon.com/Multitude-All-Peoples-Christianitys-Missiological/dp/0830851070/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Wendy Elgersma Helleman and Musa A. B. Gaiya, Early Christianity: A Textbook for African Students</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Early-Christianity-Textbook-African-Students-ebook/dp/B07YZBZZ3J/">https://www.amazon.com/Early-Christianity-Textbook-African-Students-ebook/dp/B07YZBZZ3J/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Thomas C. Oden, How Africa Shaped the Christian Mind: Rediscovering the African Seedbed of Western Christianity</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Africa-Shaped-Christian-Mind-Rediscovering/dp/0830837051/">https://www.amazon.com/Africa-Shaped-Christian-Mind-Rediscovering/dp/0830837051/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Thomas C. Oden, The African Memory of Mark: Reassessing Early Church Tradition</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/African-Memory-Mark-Reassessing-Tradition/dp/083083933X/">https://www.amazon.com/African-Memory-Mark-Reassessing-Tradition/dp/083083933X/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Timothy Yates, The Expansion of Christianity</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Expansion-Christianity-Ivp-Histories/dp/0830823581/">https://www.amazon.com/Expansion-Christianity-Ivp-Histories/dp/0830823581/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>David L. Eastman, Early North African Christianity</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Early-North-African-Christianity-Development/dp/1540963675/">https://www.amazon.com/Early-North-African-Christianity-Development/dp/1540963675/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Elizabeth Isichei, A History of Christianity in Africa: From Antiquity to the Present</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/History-Christianity-Africa-Antiquity-Present/dp/0802808433/">https://www.amazon.com/History-Christianity-Africa-Antiquity-Present/dp/0802808433/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Craig S. Keener and Glenn Usry, Defending Black Faith</p>
<p><a href="https://www.christianbook.com/defending-black-faith-craig-keener/9780830819959/pd/0819959">https://www.christianbook.com/defending-black-faith-craig-keener/9780830819959/pd/0819959</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Eric Mason, ed. Urban Apologetics: Restoring Black Dignity with the Gospel</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Urban-Apologetics-Restoring-Dignity-Gospel/dp/0310100941/">https://www.amazon.com/Urban-Apologetics-Restoring-Dignity-Gospel/dp/0310100941/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Craig S. Keener and Glenn Usry, Black Man's Religion</p>
<p><a href="https://www.christianbook.com/black-mans-religion-craig-keener/9780830819836/">https://www.christianbook.com/black-mans-religion-craig-keener/9780830819836/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>J. Patout Burns Jr. and Robin M. Jensen, Christianity in Roman Africa: The Development of Its Practices and Beliefs</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Christianity-Roman-Africa-Development-Practices/dp/0802869319/">https://www.amazon.com/Christianity-Roman-Africa-Development-Practices/dp/0802869319/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Vince L. Bantu, Gospel Haymanot: A Constructive Theology and Critical Reflection on African and Diasporic Christianity</p>
<p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Gospel-Haymanot-Constructive-Reflection-Christianity/dp/1683536657/">https://www.amazon.com/Gospel-Haymanot-Constructive-Reflection-Christianity/dp/1683536657/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>John Hunt, ed. Essential Writings of the American Black Church</p>
<p><a href="https://www.christianbook.com/essential-writings-american-black-church-ebook/9781617151453/pd/23019EB">https://www.christianbook.com/essential-writings-american-black-church-ebook/9781617151453/pd/23019EB</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong><em>There&rsquo;s more&hellip; but this is a good start. Enjoy!</em></strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
    	<item>
        <title>Reading list on race, ministry, and more</title>
		<link>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/reading-list-on-race</link>
        <comments>https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/reading-list-on-race#comments</comments>        
        <pubDate>Thu, 27 Apr 2023 20:00:00 -0400</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Matt Jones]]></dc:creator>                <category><![CDATA[Reading]]></category>
        		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.delreychurch.com/blog/post/reading-list-on-race</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>During the last last decade I have done a lot of reading for my doctoral work and also for increasing my understanding of the history and challenges of doing ministry in urban centers like Los Angeles. Many have asked me about the literature I have combed through. My PhD thesis had thousands of footnotes and hundreds of pages of bibliography. In this blog post, I have attached a PDF of a condensed list of some of the literature that stood out to me as significant.&nbsp;Theses books cover a wide range of topics on race, racism, history, church, theology, LA, and California studies. That said, it should go without saying that this list is not an endorsement of everything within these books/articles nor all of the ideas of their authors. Let the reader discern and study&hellip; happy learning!&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/racial-history-and-urban-ministry-reading-list.pdf">CLICK HERE TO SEE THE READING LIST</a></p>]]></description>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>During the last last decade I have done a lot of reading for my doctoral work and also for increasing my understanding of the history and challenges of doing ministry in urban centers like Los Angeles. Many have asked me about the literature I have combed through. My PhD thesis had thousands of footnotes and hundreds of pages of bibliography. In this blog post, I have attached a PDF of a condensed list of some of the literature that stood out to me as significant.&nbsp;Theses books cover a wide range of topics on race, racism, history, church, theology, LA, and California studies. That said, it should go without saying that this list is not an endorsement of everything within these books/articles nor all of the ideas of their authors. Let the reader discern and study&hellip; happy learning!&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="https://cpmfiles1.com/delreychurch.com/racial-history-and-urban-ministry-reading-list.pdf">CLICK HERE TO SEE THE READING LIST</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
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